Suicide is a complex issue that affects all people, but some youths are more at risk than others. We can all learn to recognize warning signs and take them seriously.
Kids who have good problem-solving skills and are able to resolve conflict in nonviolent ways are at lower risk of suicide. Strong connections with family and friends are protective factors. Restricted access to highly lethal means is another protective factor.
Depression
Depression can have a severe impact on a young person’s life. It can cause difficulty in thinking, concentrating and coping with daily activities. It can also lead to feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. Depression can be triggered by many things, including relationship problems, bullying (in person or on social media), parental separation or death of a loved one.
Some youths try to cope with their depression by using drugs or alcohol. These substances may provide temporary relief, but they can often have dangerous side effects. They can also disinhibit a youth and make them more likely to take risks. This increases the risk of a suicide attempt. People who talk about or threaten suicide should be taken seriously, whether they are a friend or family member.
Addictions
Many youths who commit suicide have a history of drug or alcohol abuse. Their addictions can have a number of negative impacts on their lives including problems at school or work, isolation from friends and family, health issues and financial difficulties.
Many teens with mental illnesses such as depression or bipolar disorder also suffer from substance abuse problems. There is a strong link between these conditions and suicidal behavior.
In order to account for the fact that many youths use multiple substances, a Guttman scale of substance use was introduced into the logistical regression analyses. This categorized youths into eight groups ranging from no current use to drug abuse/dependence. The analysis shows that all but the lowest group, no cigarette or alcohol use, was associated with suicidal behaviors.
Family Issues
Many suicides in youth occur after a conflict with someone close. A teen may feel misunderstood, alienated and rejected and see death as the only way out. Take any threat of suicide seriously. If you know a young person who is talking about or planning suicide, don’t leave them alone until a responsible adult is present.
Watch for warning signs such as major changes in sleep or eating habits, giving away personal possessions, a change in social activities and being more isolated. Also, keep in mind that kids who talk about suicide are often trying to get attention. If they don’t receive the care they need, their feelings may escalate to a point where self-harm becomes the only solution. This is especially true for adolescents who have tried suicide in the past.
Social Issues
Youth who struggle with social issues have an increased risk for suicide. They may feel overwhelmed by traditional challenges such as maturing, academic pressures and stress at home. They may also face newer challenges such as being bullied, experiencing digital addictions or struggling to form healthy intimate relationships.
Conflicts with parents, friends and boy/girl peers can lead to feelings of despair or hopelessness. Teen girls who have trouble effectively solving interpersonal problems are more likely to report suicidal thoughts and behaviors, research suggests.
Kids who have suffered through trauma and abuse in their lives, and kids separated from their families by death, divorce, incarceration or military service, are at higher risk for suicide. Having access to lethal means can also contribute to suicide risks, and it’s important for children and teens to know how to safely store guns, medications and sharp objects in their homes.
Mental Illness
Those who suffer from a mental illness, especially depression, are more likely to commit suicide. This is because they cannot cope with the stresses of life and can become withdrawn and detached from others. They may also have trouble finding and keeping a job. Drug abuse can also make depression worse and lead to psychotic episodes. This can cause hallucinations and delusions. These can lead to impulsive and risk taking behavior. In many cases a person who is suicidal will use drugs or alcohol to kill themselves.
Anyone who is considering suicide should first get a medical checkup to rule out any life threatening health problems. They should then get a psychiatric evaluation and treatment. This will often include an extended hospital stay so the youth can be safe in a secure environment.